Rujukan Ras (biologi)

  1. ↑ Keita, S O Y; Kittles, R A; Royal, C D M; Bonney, G E; Furbert-Harris, P; Dunston, G M; Rotimi, C N (2004). "Conceptualizing human variation". Nature Genetics. 36 (11s): S17–S20. doi:10.1038/ng1455. PMID 15507998. Modern human biological variation is not structured into phylogenetic subspecies ('races'), nor are the taxa of the standard anthropological 'racial' classifications breeding populations.
  2. ↑ Gotoh, T.; Bruin, J.; Sabelis, M. W.; Menken, S. B. J. (1993). "Host race formation in Tetranychus urticae: Genetic differentiation, host plant preference, and mate choice in a tomato and a cucumber strain". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata (Submitted manuscript). 68 (2): 171–178. doi:10.1111/j.1570-7458.1993.tb01700.x.
  3. ↑ Ritchie, D. F.; Dittapongpitch, V. (1991), "Copper- and Streptomycin-resistant Strains and Host Differentiated Races of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria in North Carolina" (PDF), Plant Disease, 75 (7): 733–736, doi:10.1094/pd-75-0733
  4. 1 2 Walker, Peter M. B., penyunting (2004) [1999]. "Race". Chambers Dictionary of Science and Technology. Edinburgh / New Delhi: Chambers Harrap / Allied Chambers. Republished without known revision several times since 1999, and originally published as: The Wordsworth Dictionary of Science and Technology. W. R. Chambers Ltd. and Cambridge University Press. 1988.
  5. ↑ Morris, Christopher, penyunting (1992). "Race". Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology. San Diego / London: Academic Press (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich). "Biology" entry, p. 1777. ISBN 978-0-12-200400-1. an interbreeding subgroup of a species whose individuals are geographically, physiologically, or chromosomally distinct from other members of the species
  6. ↑ Jaenike, J. (1981), "Criteria for Ascertaining the Existence of Host Races", The American Naturalist, 117 (5): 830–834, doi:10.1086/283771, JSTOR 2460772
  7. ↑ Haig, S.M.; Beever, E.A.; Chambers, S.M.; Draheim, H.M.; Dugger, B.D. (December 2006). "Taxonomic considerations in listing subspecies under the U.S. Endangered Species Act". Conservation Biology. 20 (6): 1584–1594. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2006.00530.x. PMID 17181793.
  8. ↑ de Candolle, A. (1868), Laws of Botanical Nomenclature adopted by the International Botanical Congress held at Paris in August 1867; together with an Historical Introduction and Commentary by Alphonse de Candolle, Translated from the French, London: L. Reeve and Co. Article 14 (p. 20-21 and commentary page 42)
  9. 1 2 3 4 Rieger, R.; Michaelis, A.; Green, M. M. (1968). A glossary of genetics and cytogenetics: Classical and molecular. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 9780387076683.
  10. ↑ Van Buskirk, J. (2014), "Incipient habitat race formation in an amphibian", Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 27 (3): 585–592, doi:10.1111/jeb.12327, PMID 26230250
  11. ↑ Barton, N H; Hewitt, G M (1985-11-01). "Analysis of Hybrid Zones". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 16 (1): 113–148. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.16.110185.000553. ISSN 0066-4162.
  12. ↑ Morgan‐Richards, Mary; Wallis, Graham P. (2003). "A Comparison of Five Hybrid Zones of the Weta Hemideina Thoracica (orthoptera: Anostostomatidae): Degree of Cytogenetic Differentiation Fails to Predict Zone Width". Evolution (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 57 (4): 849–861. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2003.tb00296.x. ISSN 1558-5646. PMID 12778554.
  13. ↑ Walker, Peter M. B., penyunting (2004) [1999]. "Geographic race". Chambers Dictionary of Science and Technology. Edinburgh / New Delhi: Chambers Harrap / Allied Chambers. Previously: The Wordsworth Dictionary of Science and Technology. W. R. Chambers / Cambridge U. Pr. 1998.
  14. 1 2 3 4 Walker, Peter M. B., penyunting (2004) [1999]. "Physiological race". Chambers Dictionary of Science and Technology. Edinburgh / New Delhi: Chambers Harrap / Allied Chambers. Previously published as: The Wordsworth Dictionary of Science and Technology. W. R. Chambers / Cambridge U. Pr. 1998.
  15. 1 2 Claridge, M. F.; Den Hollander, J.; Morgan, J. C. (May 1985). "The status of weed-associated populations of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) – host race or biological species?". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 84 (1): 77–90. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1985.tb01717.x.
  16. 1 2 Morris, Christopher, penyunting (1992). "Physiological race" and "Physiologic race". Academic Press Dictionary of Science and Technology. San Diego / London: Academic Press. m/s. 1643. ISBN 978-0-12-200400-1.
  17. 1 2 3 4 Cohen, R.; Burger, Y.; Katzir, N. (2004). "Monitoring Physiological races of Podosphaera xanthii (syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea), the Causal Agent of Powdery Mildew in Curcubits: Factors Affecting Race Identification and the Importance for Research and Commerce". Phythoparasitica. 32 (2): 174–183. doi:10.1007/bf02979784.
  18. ↑ Walker, Peter M. B., penyunting (2004) [1999]. "Biological form". Chambers Dictionary of Science and Technology. Edinburgh / New Delhi: Chambers Harrap / Allied Chambers. Previously: The Wordsworth Dictionary of Science and Technology. W. R. Chambers / Cambridge U. Pr. 1998.
  19. ↑ Walker, Peter M. B., penyunting (2004) [1999]. "Biological race". Chambers Dictionary of Science and Technology. Edinburgh / New Delhi: Chambers Harrap / Allied Chambers. Previously: The Wordsworth Dictionary of Science and Technology. W. R. Chambers / Cambridge U. Pr. 1998.
  20. ↑ See any comprehensive multilingual dictionaries, e.g The Velázquez Spanish and English Dictionary.
  21. ↑ Mayr, Ernst (1970). Populations, Species, and Evolution. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap / Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-69013-4. An abridgment and revision of Animal Species and Evolution (1963).
  22. ↑ Mayr, Ernst (Winter 2002). "The Biology of Race and the Concept of Equality". Daedalus. 131 (1): 89–94. JSTOR 20027740.
  23. ↑ Kirk, P. M.; Cannon, P. F.; Minter, D. W.; Stalpers, J. A. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (ed. 10th). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. m/s. 534. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8.
  24. ↑ McCreight, James D.; Coffey, Michael D. (June 2011). "Inheritance of Resistance in Melon PI 313970 to Cucurbit Powdery Mildew Incited by Podosphaera xanthii Race S". HortScience. 46: 838–840. doi:10.21273/HORTSCI.46.6.838.